Zoe Stratman, BS; Kenneth MacMillan, BM; Elizabeth M. Petty, MD; Christine S. Seibert, MD; Paul Hunter, MD; Byron Crouse, MD; Kimberly Lansing, MD, PhD; Julie Foertsch PhD; Joseph Holt, MD
WMJ. 2026;125(1):140-145.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The outcomes of the Wisconsin Academy for Rural Medicine (WARM) of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH) were assessed. Measures included WARM graduates’ practice locations, specialty outcomes, and the influence of program elements on commitment to work with rural populations.
Methods: A review of 106 WARM and 925 non-WARM graduates from 2011 through 2017 was conducted. Stratified chi-square tests of independence and corresponding odds ratios were calculated to examine associations between program type, practice location, and specialty. Exit survey data from graduating WARM students (2020-2023) were analyzed to identify activities perceived as most influential in preparing for rural practice.
Results: WARM graduates had significantly higher odds of practicing in rural areas, in Wisconsin, and in both primary and specialty care compared with non-WARM graduates. Among graduates practicing in Wisconsin, WARM alumni had increased odds of practicing rurally and in primary care. Survey respondents rated interaction with rural physicians and staff as the most important activity for increasing commitment to rural practice.
Conclusions: WARM graduates are substantially more likely than non-WARM graduates to practice in rural Wisconsin, regardless of specialty. Immersive rural experiences, particularly interaction with rural physicians and staff, appear critical in preparing students for rural practice. These findings highlight the effectiveness of rural-focused medical education in addressing physician shortages and improving access to care in underserved communities.