University of Wisconsin–Madison Medical College of Wisconsin

The Physician’s Duty to Care for Others: Resistance Against Evidence-Based Gender-Affirming Care Among Physician Trainees

Tess I. Jewell, MD, MPH; Kharmen Bharucha, MD; Kristina Kaljo, PhD; Laura Hanks, MD

WMJ. 2026;125(1):167-169.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Gender-affirming care is an evidence-based form of medicine but is increasingly under threat across the country. We explored first-year resident physician attitudes toward gender-affirming care.

Methods: First-year residents in obstetrics and gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics in the United States were invited to participate in a survey. Qualitative responses to an open-text question were analyzed inductively to identify themes.

Results: Among the 93 survey respondents, 14 (15%) responded to the open-ended question. Five respondents expressed negative attitudes toward transgender and gender-diverse people and toward gender-affirming care.

Conclusions: Some resident physicians oppose gender-affirming care. Further research is needed to elucidate the breadth and depth of these sentiments and their potential impact on patient care.


Author affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (Jewell); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (Bharucha, Hanks, Kaljo).
Corresponding author:
Tess I. Jewell, MD, MPH, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; email tjewell2@wisc.edu; ORCID ID 0000-0003-2845-5587
Financial disclosures: None declared.
Funding/support: None declared.
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